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The Turkish Success and conquest of northern India between the 10th and 13th centuries stands as one of the most transformative episodes in Indian history. These invasions, led initially by the Ghaznavids and later by the Ghurids, not only marked the end of the fragmented Rajput dominance but also paved…
The concept of “feudalism” historically originated in medieval Europe and has long been a point of reference in global historiography. Derived from the German word feud, meaning a piece of land, feudalism traditionally described the socio-economic and political arrangements that developed predominantly in medieval France, England, and Southern Italy. Its…
Prince Dara Shikoh, the eldest son of Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan and Empress Mumtaz Mahal, occupies a unique place in medieval Indian history. Born on March 20, 1615, he was a polymath whose contributions straddle the domains of politics, spirituality, religious scholarship, literature, and interfaith dialogue. A crown prince with…
Explore the The Rise Of Harsha And Kanauj as the New Political Centre in early medieval India. Understand the historical context, Harsha’s conquests, administration, and Kannauj’s rise to prominence after the Gupta Empire’s decline. The decline of the Gupta Empire in the 6th century CE created a power vacuum in…
The Administrative Structure OF Delhi Sultanat drew heavily from the Abbasid model, alongside influences from the Ghaznavid, Seljukid, and Iranian systems. Indian traditions of monarchy, where the ruler was aided by a council of ministers, also shaped this system. Consequently, many administrative departments and offices retained older forms but acquired…
Economic Measures of Alauddin Khalji’s both agrarian and market-related policies must be viewed as strategic responses to internal state consolidation and external military threats, particularly the Mongol invasions. His overarching goal was to strengthen the central authority of the Delhi Sultanate while ensuring a well-equipped army through enhanced state revenues…
Among the rulers of the Delhi Sultanate, Muhammad bin Tughlaq (r. 1325–1351) stands out as one of the most enigmatic and intellectually ambitious sovereigns. A man of remarkable erudition, vision, and administrative zeal, he embarked upon a series of radical experiments aimed at strengthening the state and expanding its resources.…
Explore the comprehensive history of the Mauryan Empire, including its sources, economic system, social structure, political organization, administration, monumental art and architecture, and the factors behind its decline. Introduction When Alexander invaded India, the Nanda dynasty ruled Magadha, which had become the most powerful kingdom in the region. This power…
Discover how the Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty rose to power in Western India during the 8th century CE, playing a crucial role in early medieval Indian history. Which dynasty emerged as a rising political power in Western India during the 8th century CE? Options:A) The Gurjara-PratiharasB) The Rajput dynasty of the GuhillaC)…
Explore the economic structure of the Gupta Empire Economy in detail—covering agriculture, land revenue, taxes, crafts production, trade routes, merchant guilds, and social impact during India’s classical golden age. Gupta Empire Economy The Gupta Empire (circa 320 to 550 CE), often celebrated as a classical period in Indian history, saw…
Explore the detailed administration of the Gupta Empire, including the role of the king, council of ministers, revenue system, military organization, and village governance. Learn how the Gupta rulers maintained control with efficient administrative practices. Administration of the Gupta Empire The Gupta Empire (c. 320 – 550 CE), often referred…
Explore the rise of the Rajput states in early medieval India, focusing on the emergence of the Gurjara-Pratiharas and the aftermath of the Tripartite Struggle. Learn how regional powers shaped Indian history during this transformative period.This content deals with the topic Kanauj after Harsha: Gurjara-Pratihara, Pala and Rashtrakuta dynasty, Tripartite…
Explore the emergence of the Rajputs in early medieval India. Learn about their origins, military role, administrative power, and the historical debates surrounding their rise as regional rulers. The political landscape of early medieval India underwent profound transformations following the decline of centralized empires such as the Guptas. In their…
Delve into A Brief Survey of Sources Of Ancient History Of India: Literature, Epigraphy and Numismatics for ancient Indian history, focusing on key literary sources like the Vedas, epics, Puranas, and more—essential for understanding India’s historical and cultural evolution. THE VEDAS – shruti (heard) The category of smriti (‘remembered’) texts…
Explore the 1646-47 The Balkh Campaign of Shah Jahan—was it a strategic move to secure the empire’s frontiers or an ambitious attempt to revive Timurid legacy in Central Asia? A detailed historical analysis of political intent and military action. Based On the Medieval India: From Sultanate To The Mughals Mughal…
Religious Policy of Akbar based on the writings of Satish Chandra in “Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals, Part Two: Mughal Empire (1526–1748)” The reign of Emperor Akbar (r. 1556–1605) marks a crucial period in the evolution of religious policy under the Mughal Empire. It reflects a confluence of…
Explore the dynamics of the Mughal nobility under Emperor Aurangzeb, examining its structure, recruitment patterns, factional struggles, and the impact of these factors on the empire’s stability and decline. Aurangzeb Alamgir’s reign (1658–1707) marked a turning point in Mughal imperial history. His prolonged rule not only tested the resilience of…
The iqta system was a pivotal institution that underpinned the political, administrative, and military structure of the Delhi Sultanate from the early 13th century until the advent of the Lodi dynasty. Initially devised as a pragmatic means to reward military service and ensure loyalty without undermining the central power, the…
Discover the top 10 books on Indian Freedom Struggle that offer deep insights into India’s fight for independence. Perfect for students, researchers, and history lovers in 2025. Ever wondered how India, after centuries of colonial rule, managed to reclaim its freedom in 1947? The Indian freedom struggle isn’t just a…