The concept of “feudalism” historically originated in medieval Europe and has long been a point of reference in global historiography. Derived from the German word feud, meaning a piece of land, feudalism…
Dara Shikoh: A Scholar Crown Prince Never An Emperor
Prince Dara Shikoh, the eldest son of Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan and Empress Mumtaz Mahal, occupies a unique place in medieval Indian history. Born on March 20, 1615, he was a polymath…
Rise Of Harsha And Kanauj As New Political Centre
Explore the The Rise Of Harsha And Kanauj as the New Political Centre in early medieval India. Understand the historical context, Harsha’s conquests, administration, and Kannauj’s rise to prominence after the Gupta…
Administrative Structure Of Delhi Sultanate
The Administrative Structure OF Delhi Sultanat drew heavily from the Abbasid model, alongside influences from the Ghaznavid, Seljukid, and Iranian systems. Indian traditions of monarchy, where the ruler was aided by a…
How Alauddin Khalji Controlled Prices and Crushed Corruption
Economic Measures of Alauddin Khalji’s both agrarian and market-related policies must be viewed as strategic responses to internal state consolidation and external military threats, particularly the Mongol invasions. His overarching goal was…
Muhammad Bin Tughlaq and His Ambitious Projects
Among the rulers of the Delhi Sultanate, Muhammad bin Tughlaq (r. 1325–1351) stands out as one of the most enigmatic and intellectually ambitious sovereigns. A man of remarkable erudition, vision, and administrative…
Mauryan Empire – Sources, Economy, Society, Polity, Administration, Art, Architecture and Decline
Explore the comprehensive history of the Mauryan Empire, including its sources, economic system, social structure, political organization, administration, monumental art and architecture, and the factors behind its decline. Introduction When Alexander invaded…
Emergence of the Gurjara-Pratiharas in Western India – 8th Century CE
Discover how the Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty rose to power in Western India during the 8th century CE, playing a crucial role in early medieval Indian history. Which dynasty emerged as a rising political…
Gupta Empire Economy: Agriculture, Crafts Production, Trade and Taxation
Explore the economic structure of the Gupta Empire Economy in detail—covering agriculture, land revenue, taxes, crafts production, trade routes, merchant guilds, and social impact during India’s classical golden age. Gupta Empire Economy…
Administration of the Gupta Empire – Structure, Officials, Revenue & Governance Explained
Explore the detailed administration of the Gupta Empire, including the role of the king, council of ministers, revenue system, military organization, and village governance. Learn how the Gupta rulers maintained control with…
Rise of the Rajput States: Gurjara-Pratiharas and the Aftermath and the Tripartite Struggle
Explore the rise of the Rajput states in early medieval India, focusing on the emergence of the Gurjara-Pratiharas and the aftermath of the Tripartite Struggle. Learn how regional powers shaped Indian history…
The Emergence of the Rajputs in Early Medieval India
Explore the emergence of the Rajputs in early medieval India. Learn about their origins, military role, administrative power, and the historical debates surrounding their rise as regional rulers. The political landscape of…
A Brief Survey of Sources Of Ancient History Of India: Literature, Epigraphy and Numismatics
Delve into A Brief Survey of Sources Of Ancient History Of India: Literature, Epigraphy and Numismatics for ancient Indian history, focusing on key literary sources like the Vedas, epics, Puranas, and more—essential…
The Balkh Campaign of Shah Jahan 1646-47: A Political Pragmatism Or A Military Ambition
Explore the 1646-47 The Balkh Campaign of Shah Jahan—was it a strategic move to secure the empire’s frontiers or an ambitious attempt to revive Timurid legacy in Central Asia? A detailed historical…
Religious Policy of Akbar Explained: Tolerance, Sulh-i-Kul & Din-i-Ilahi
Religious Policy of Akbar based on the writings of Satish Chandra in “Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals, Part Two: Mughal Empire (1526–1748)” The reign of Emperor Akbar (r. 1556–1605) marks…
The Mughal Nobility Under Aurangzeb
Explore the dynamics of the Mughal nobility under Emperor Aurangzeb, examining its structure, recruitment patterns, factional struggles, and the impact of these factors on the empire’s stability and decline. Aurangzeb Alamgir’s reign…
Iqta System Explained: The Power Engine Behind the Delhi Sultanate
The iqta system was a pivotal institution that underpinned the political, administrative, and military structure of the Delhi Sultanate from the early 13th century until the advent of the Lodi dynasty. Initially…
Top 10 Best Books on Indian Freedom Struggle 2025
Discover the top 10 books on Indian Freedom Struggle that offer deep insights into India’s fight for independence. Perfect for students, researchers, and history lovers in 2025. Ever wondered how India, after…